Sensor: Yerekeza ku ishusho ya sensor, ubuso bwe burimo miliyoni nyinshi kuri miliyoni mirongo zifotoje. Ni chip semiconductor ihindura amashusho ya optique mumashanyarazi.
Pigiseli: pigiseli nigice cyibanze cya sensor. Ishusho igizwe na pigiseli, kandi umubare wa pigiseli werekana ingano yibintu bitoromo bikubiye muri kamera.
Icyemezo: Bivuga umubare ntarengwa wa pigiseli ko ishusho ishobora kwakira muburyo butambitse kandi buhagaritse.
Ingano ya Pixel: Yerekeza ku bunini nyabwo bugereranywa na pigiseli mu burebure n'ubugari.
Bisobanurwa neza numubare wavuzwe haruguru, Pixel ahagarariye umubare wuruzi rwirabura muriyi shusho, ni pigiseli 91, mugihe imyanya ya pigiseli, mugihe imyanya yerekana umubare winkingi yumukara muburebure nubugari. Igishushanyo cyerekanwe hejuru ni 13 * 7. Ingano ya Pixel nubunini bugereranywa na buri grid yumukara muriyi shusho, kandi igice ni micrometero muri rusange. Iyo ingano yishusho ihoraho, nini nini ya pigiseli, hepfo imyanzuro no hepfo neza.
Bayer Amabara YuyunguruzoAmavu n'amavuko: Abantu bamaze kubona sensor byumvikana cyane, bashobora gufata umukara gusa - kandi - Amafoto ya Grays) kuberako sensor muricyo gihe yashoboraga kumva gusa umucyo ariko ntabwo ari ibara. Niba umuntu yashakaga kubona ishusho yamabara, uburyo butaziguye bwari ukukongeraho muyungurura amabara atandukanye. Kubwibyo, Bayer Array yatejwe imbere. Igizwe na spotle zitukura, icyatsi nubururu na blus byateguwe muburyo busanzwe. Akayunguruzo kamwe mumabara ya RGB ashyirwa kuri buri pigiseli, yemerera gusa urumuri rwihariye kugirango unyure.
Gushiraho Bayer: Na Eastman. Bayer Array, yahimbwe na Bryce Bayer, umuhanga muri Kodak, mu 1976, aracyakoreshwa cyane mu rwego rwo gutunganya amashusho kugeza na n'ubu.
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Ingirabuzimafatizo z'umuntu
Mu jisho ry'abantu, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'utugari dukuru: Cone - Ishusho na Rod - Kugaragaza.
Ingirabuzimafatizo za cone zirashyizwe mu bikorwa ubwoko butatu: Ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura, Ingirabuzimafatizo z'icyatsi (ibintu byumvikana cyane, hamwe n'ingirabuzimafatizo z'ubururu. Ntabwo bumva iyo ibinyoma ari bike. Gusa iyo ubukana bwumucyo bugera kumiterere runaka birashobora gukora selile cone.
Ingirabuzimafatizo zunvikana cyane kumucyo kandi zishobora gushiraho amashusho yibintu mubihe bibi cyane, ariko ntibishobora kumva amabara.
Ibi kandi bisobanura impamvu abantu bashobora kubona ibintu nijoro ariko ntibashobora gutandukanya amabara yabo.
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya CCD na CMO
CCD (kwishyuza igikoresho cyabashakanye): kwishyuza - Igikoresho cyagutse, winjijwe kuri semiconductor ibikoresho byose bya kirisiti.
Cmos (Icyuma cyuzuzanya Semide Semiconductor): Uruhushya rwicyuma cyuzuzanya Semiconductor, ihuriweho na semiconductor yibikoresho bya semiconductor yicyuma.
Kugeza ubu, ku isoko ry'umutekano, amashusho yishusho ya kamera yaba CCD cyangwa CMOS. Mugihe cyibipimo - ibisobanuro bisobanura, kamera ya Analoge na kamera Ariko, mumyaka mike ishize, Cmos yamize isoko rya CCD. Mugihe cyo hejuru - Ibisobanuro byubushakashatsi, CMOS yagiye isimbuza buhoro buhoro.
1.. Umuvuduko wo Gusoma amakuru
Amakuru yishyurwa abitswe muri CCD aregwa - Igikoresho cyagutse gikeneye kwimurwa gato kumanuka kumanuka kumanuka bivuye mu kimenyetso gisobanutse, hanyuma yongere guhungira kubimenyetso bya ADC. Kwimura no gusoma ibisohoka mumakuru yishyurwa bisaba ko kuzenguruka isaha, hamwe nu muzunguruko muri rusange ni ugereranywa. Cmos Sensors ikora neza ku nyungu zongeweho na analog - kuri - Guhindura digitali mumucyo - Igice cyunvikana, gukora ibimenyetso byoroshye gusoma byoroshye cyane. Barashobora kandi gutunganya amakuru yishusho kuri buri gice icyarimwe. Kubwibyo, umuvuduko wo gusoma wa CMO wihuta kuruta uwa CCD.
2. Ibyiyumvo
Kuberako buri pigiseli ya Cmos Sensor ikubiyemo imirongo yinyongera (amplifiers hamwe nu muzunguruko hamwe na / d), urumuri - Agace ka buri pigiseli gusa gafite igice gito cya pigiseli. Kubwibyo, mugihe ingano ya pigiseli ariko, sennitivite ya sensor ya CMO iri munsi yuwo muri sensor ya CCD.
3. Urusaku
Kubera ko buri foto ya CMO isaba amplifier, niba yapimwe muri megapixels, noneho amamiriyoni yo anyoranyo arakenewe. Nkuko amplifiers ni umuzenguruko wa analog, biragoye gukomeza inyungu zongereranyo kuri buri pigiseli ihamye. Kubwibyo, ugereranije na CCD Sensors ifite amplifier imwe gusa, urusaku rwa CMO sensor aziyongera cyane, bigira ingaruka kumico myiza.
4. Imbaraga
Uburyo bwo kubona ishusho ya Cmos sensor irakora. Amafaranga yatanzwe na Photodiode yongerewe kandi ahindurwa numuzunguruko wegeranye. Ariko, senses ya CCD ni pasiporo yo kugura. Voltage ikoreshwa igomba gukoreshwa kugirango ukemure muri buri pigiseli yimuka hepfo, kandi voltage ikoreshwa mubisanzwe bisaba 12 kugeza 18V. Kubwibyo, CCD nayo isaba uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi asobanutse kandi ihangana imbaraga za voltage. Voltage yo Gutwara Gutwara ikora ingufu za CCD hejuru yiya CMO.
5. Igiciro
Kuberako CMOS Sensors ifata inzira ya Mose, niyo gakoreshwa cyane muri rusange, imirongo ya periferique (nko kugenzura igihe cya peripheri (nko kugenzurwa, nibindi. CCD Transmits Amakuru binyuze muri Transfert. Niba pigiseli imwe yananiwe gukora, umurongo wose wamakuru ntashobora koherezwa. Kubwibyo, umusaruro wa CCD ni muto. Byongeye kandi, imikorere yacyo iragoye, kandi abakora bake gusa barashobora kubimenya. Iyi niyo niyo mpamvu yikiguzi kinini.
Umuvuduko
Shutter nigikoresho gikoreshwa muguhuza igihe cyo kugaragara kandi nikintu cyingenzi cya kamera. Imiterere yayo, imiterere n'imikorere nibintu byingenzi mugupima amanota ya kamera. Ibishusho bya CCD na CMOS byombi bikoresha shitingi ya elegitoronike, harimo na shitingi yose hamwe na shitingi.
Shutter yisi yose: pigiseli zose za sensor ikusanya icyarimwe kandi igahishurira icyarimwe. Ni ukuvuga, mu ntangiriro yo guhura, sensor itangira gukusanya urumuri. Kurangiza, umuzenguruko wakusanyije urumuri uraciwe, hanyuma sensor Agaciro isomwa nkigikorwa kimwe.
Pigiseli zose zigaragara mugihe kimwe, bisa kugirango uhagarike ikintu cyimuka, birakwiriye kurasa vuba - kwimuka.
Shutter Shutter: Sensor igera kubinyujije muburyo bwo guhura. Mu ntangiriro yo kwerekana, sensor scan umurongo kumurongo kandi agaragaza umurongo kumurongo kugeza pigiseli yose igaragara. Nibyo, ibikorwa byose birangiye mugihe gito cyane, kandi igihe cyo kugaragara kumirongo itandukanye ya pigiseli zitandukanye ziratandukanye.
Numurongo - by - umurongo uhuza, ntabwo rero bikwiriye kurasa ibintu byimuka. Niba ikintu cyangwa kamera ari muburyo bwihuse mugihe cyo kurasa, ibisubizo birasa birashoboka cyane ko byerekana ibintu nka "guhuza", "kunyeganyega" cyangwa "guhura".
Iterambere Icyerekezo Cmos
1. Hasi - ingaruka zoroshye
Iterambere riva muri FSI gakondo (Imbere kuruhande) imbere - Kumurikira CMOS kuri BSI (kumurika inyuma) inyuma - Kumurika Cmos Sensor nimboga ikoranabuhanga. Ibyiza byinshi byinyuma - Kumurikira CMOS Sensor iri muguhindura imiterere yimbere yibice. Inyuma - Cmos yamurikiye icyerekezo cyumurinzi - Ibigize ibice byumucyo, bituma urumuri rwinjira mumugongo. Ibi birinda ingaruka zumuzunguruko hagati ya microlens hamwe na piclediode hamwe na serivise ya sensor gakondo, kugirango utezimbere urumuri kandi utezimbere cyane ingaruka zisakuza muri make - Imiterere yumucyo. Inyuma - Kumurikira CMOS Sensor yasimbutse neza mubyiyumvo ugereranije na CMOP gakondo ya CMOS. Nkigisubizo, ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwibanda hamwe nubuziranenge bwishusho bwateye imbere cyane mugihe cyo kumurika.
2. Guhagarika urusaku
Ku ruhande rumwe, urusaku rwihariye hatangwa urusaku rwa Algorithm ruhujwe mu buryo butaziguye mu buryo butaziguye logique ya CMOS Sensor ishusho ya CMOS. Binyuze muri iyo ikoranabuhanga, urusaku ruhamye rushobora kuvaho neza. Ku rundi ruhande, udushya dutandukanye twa tekinoroji rwakiriwe muri ISP, nk'ikoranabuhanga mu bushakashatsi, kugira ngo urusaku rwikibazo cya CMO.
3. Kwishyira hamwe
Kimwe mubyiza byingenzi bya CMOS Ssersor. Numuzunguruko hamwe nindi mirimo ihuriweho na sensor yayo. Kurugero, OV10633 ni 720p Hd DR GENNOG SPERS SPERS SHARI. Icyitegererezo cya Ov10633 cyihuza WDR Dynamic Range na ISP ishusho yibimenyetso byo gutunganya imikorere kuri chip imwe nka sensor.
?Igenamiterere